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The Safari Club was an alliance of intelligence services formed in 1976 to fight the Cold War in Africa. Its formal members were Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco and France. The group maintained informal connections with the United States. The Club executed a successful military intervention in Zaire in response to an invasion from Angola. It also provided arms to Somalia in its 1977–1978 conflict with Ethiopia. It organized secret diplomacy relating to anti-Communism in Africa, and has been credited with initiating the process resulting in the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. ==Organization== Alexandre de Marenches initiated the pact with messages to the four other countries—and to newly independent Algeria, which declined to participate.〔 The original charter was signed in 1976 by leaders and intelligence directors from the five countries:〔Heikal, ''Iran: The Untold Story'' (1982), p. 113.〕〔Cooley, ''Unholy Wars'', p. 15.〕〔 * Alexandre de Marenches, of le Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage, France's external intelligence agency * Kamal Adham of Saudi Arabia's Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah * The Egyptian Director of Intelligence * Ahmed Dlimi, Moroccan Director of Intelligence and commander of the Moroccan Army. * General Nematollah Nassiri of Iran's SAVAK The charter begins: "Recent events in Angola and other parts of Africa have demonstrated the continent's role as a theatre for revolutionary wars prompted and conducted by the Soviet Union, which utilizes individuals or organizations sympathetic to, or controlled by, Marxist ideology."〔 The Club's purpose was therefore to oppose Soviet influence by supporting anti-Communists.〔Miglietta, ''American Alliance Policy'' (2002), p. 20. "The Shah provided covert assistance to groups seeking to destabilize the governments of Soviet allies in the region such as Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as providing assistance to pro-Western governments such as Oman and South Vietnam. In an effort to further advance these goals, the Shah associated Iran with a group of conservative Middle Eastern and African states in an informal organization known as the Safari Club. This group was dedicated to blocking the spread of Soviet influence in the third world."〕〔 The charter also says that the group intends to be "global in conception".〔 Its formation has been attributed to interlocking interests of the countries involved (which were already cooperating to some degree). Alongside ideological pursuit of global anti-Communism, these included the more concrete goals of military strategy and economic interests. (Examples include international mining operations and investments in white South Africa's Transvaal Development Company.)〔Cooley, ''Unholy Wars'', p. 16.〕〔Heikal, ''Iran: The Untold Story'' (1982), p. 112.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Safari Club」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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